Many of the cities that asylum seekers are forced to wait in while in Mexico are dangerous with high risks of kidnapping, extortion, and violence. Some of these cities have recently been or are currently subject to travel advisories by the US Department of State. The State Department has placed the Mexican state of Tamaulipas on its “Do Not Travel” list, saying that US citizens should not travel there due to crime and kidnapping. The Mexican cities of Matamoros, Nuevo Laredo, and Reynosa, all cities where people have been returned under the MPP, are in the state of Tamaulipas. According to a report by Doctors Without Borders (MSF) published in September 2019 that focused on Tamaulipas, “[b]etween June 2018 and July 2019, 45 percent of the 2,315 people (either migrants, asylum seekers, refugees, or returnees) treated by MSF mental health teams in Reynosa and Matamoros reported being victims of violence during their journey through Mexico.” In December, the ACLU and the Center for Gender and Refugee Studies wrote to DHS leadership urging the DHS to end the MPP program in Tamaulipas State, arguing that “implementation of MPP in Tamaulipas–one of the most dangerous regions in the world, and the object of a State Department level four travel advisory–should have never taken place given the country conditions evidence available to DHS.”
Asylum seekers face a multitude of risks waiting in Mexico. Human Rights First has documented “at least 816 publicly reported cases of kidnapping, rape, torture, assault, and other violent attacks against asylum seekers and migrants returned to Mexico.” A study by the US Immigration Policy Center at the University of California at San Diego, surveyed 607 asylum seekers who were subjected to the MPP program and found that about a quarter of them reported being threatened with physical violence while waiting in Mexico, with over half of those threats coming to fruition including beatings, extorsion, kidnappings, and robbery. The study found that the longer respondents waited in Mexico, the more likely they were to be threatened with physical violence before they made it to their court date. Upon release of the study, the lead author and founding director of the US Immigration Policy Center, Tom K. Wong, said that “The Remain in Mexico policy has begged important questions about whether there are sufficient safeguards in place to ensure that the lives and freedom of asylum seekers are not threatened. The data show that there are not sufficient safeguards — lives are literally being put at risk.” The Remain in Mexico program has life and death consequences for asylum seekers who the US government is obligated by law to ensure are not returned to persecution.